Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence By John Ellison

When Thomas Jefferson penned the Declaration of Independence, he excluded two hugely important groups to the US’s success: African Americans and women. Throughout history, both groups have been degraded and abused and have had to fight for the equal liberty and freedom that was handed to white men in 1776. Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man follows a young black man as he tries to survive in the 1950’s of New York City after being expelled from a prestigious Southern university. Spike Lee’s Bamboozled shows the creation of a 21st century satirical minstrel show and the numerous racially motivated consequences that follow. Despite different representations and portrayals of female characters in these two works, women in both are overlooked and marginalized by African-American male characters who fail to see the parallels between their situations. In Invisible Man, Ellison introduces numerous one-dimensional female characters, who fall into sexually driven stere otypes. During the Battle Royal in the beginning of the novel, an unnamed white stripper provides the pre-show entertainment. The narrator describes her as a â€Å"circus kewpie doll, [her] eyes hollow and smeared a cool blue, the color of a baboon’s butt† (19). This paints an extremely unflattering and uncomfortable image, with the woman being compared to two non-human and undesirable objects. Invisible Man then says, â€Å"I had a notion that of all in the room she saw only me with her impersonal eyes† (19). He feels that he isShow MoreRelatedVhdl32853 Words   |  132 Pageswere the primary contributors to my creation: John Sanguinetti, Stuart Sutherland, Clifford Cummings, Robert Emberley, Ashutosh Mauskar, Jack McKeown, Dr. Arun Somani, Dr. Michael Ciletti, Larry Ke, Sunil Sabat, Cheng-I Huang, Maqsoodul Mannan, Ashok Mehta, Dick Herlein, Rita Glover, Ming-Hwa Wang, Subramanian Ganesan, Sandeep Aggarwal, Albert Lau, Samir Sanghani, Kiran Buch, Anshuman Sah a, Bill Fuchs, Babu Chilukuri, Ramana Kalapatapu, Karin Ellison and Rachel Borden. I would like to start by thankingRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of cost categories Marketing cost analysis: aims and methods An illustration

Teaching Is No Easy Job - 914 Words

Contrary to popular belief, teaching is no easy job. The process of becoming a teacher is enough to drive someone away from the profession all together. While the difficulty of some education programs would make some shy away from the profession, it only motivates the passionate future teachers out there to work hard towards their goals. The students are what keeps the educators teaching for many years. Although the same things may be taught each year, each individual child is unique. They will learn the exact same lesson as the child sitting next to them, but in a completely different way. Albert Einstein said, â€Å"Everyone is a genius. But if you judge a fish on its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.† This is something I stumbled upon while online one day, and it really spoke to me. The idea of individualism has become more important as our society has changed over the years. Something that has been enforced during all of my c lasses about teaching is that every student learns in a different way. There is no such thing as â€Å"the right way† to teach something. In a perfect world, children would come to school, awake, alert and ready to learn. Their parent or guardian would have fed them a nice, balanced breakfast and sent them on the bus where they would sit with their best friend as they discuss the homework they worked on the previous night. The children would arrive in the classroom, hang up their coats, and sit down happilyShow MoreRelatedThe Teaching Profession Is Not An Easy Job Essay1807 Words   |  8 Pages The teaching profession is not an easy job, especially since it involves educating the young minds of the 21st-century learners. Nevertheless, based on my experience as a pre-service teacher, for the past two years, I can firmly argue that the teaching profession is rewarding, mainly because both educators and students are capable of learning from one another. For that reason, compos ing a literacy autobiography is fundamental; an autobiography enables future teachers to think critically, as wellRead MoreTeaching is not an easy profession neither an easy job to do. The following conditions are some of900 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching is not an easy profession neither an easy job to do. The following conditions are some of the cases that we faced as TP students in the school and how it was solved. The first case that we faced was fighting with classmates, two boys were joking with each other, it turned into a fight and the teacher immediately stopped the students and asked them to stand in the corner at the back of the class and then he talked with them after giving an activity to the other students. The second case wasRead More Career Research Paper - Elementary Teacher649 Words   |  3 PagesWhile growing up and observing my teachers at school, I have learned that it isn’t always an easy job. Teachers do everything they can to teach their studentsâ₠¬â„¢ academic, social and other formative skills. Plenty of my teachers have to deal with complications, most of them being minor, but it isn’t always an easy job helping children, teens and young adults. As a student myself, I know they can be stubborn, unwilling to learn, aggressive, and irresponsible. Sometimes, they simply don’t care. HoweverRead MoreGraduation Speech By Mr. Davis856 Words   |  4 Pageshis thoughts. While Mr. Davis’s responses are more detailed, Mrs. Immel gave me a few responses I would also like to discuss. I can see a trend in Mr. Davis’s responses. He seems to enjoy being a teacher and the perks of being a teacher, such as teaching the students both material and life lessons. I have always said that encouragement needs more of a presence in the school system. What Mr. Davis does is just that. He allows the lessons to be fun. He doesn’t allow the material to become overwhelmingRead More My Educational Goals and Philosophy Statement Essay721 Words   |  3 Pagessets people apart in the respect that it shows who want’s to be successful and make a difference and who doesn’t. In being a teacher hardwork comes with the job and it’s important that the teacher understands that before going into the profession. It requires a lot of time and patience when a student needs it most, which isn’t always a easy thing to do when the situation is turbulent. Hardwork is putting forth the maximum amount of effort needed to ensure that all students have the right to an equalRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy On Education793 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher do not easy. But I still think if we really want to teach children by heart we can do it. Children is a seed of country, and we need fosterage it, provide a knowledge, and build a beautiful soul for them. In the life, we know parents are best important for children, but I think teacher also is third parent with children. In my opinion, there are three elements I believe it is my philosophy on education is a good teacher is not just teaching by wisdom knowledge, that we should teaching by our heartRead MoreTeacher Tenure : An Important Part Of Americas Educational System894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe work place. Teachers used to have to fo llow strict and sometimes outrageous rules to keep their job. A female teacher could be fired from her job by getting pregnant or even by just wearing jeans to work or staying out too late. Teacher tenure was introduced in the early 1900s and protected teachers from being fired without due reason. Although the majority of teachers do great work in teaching their students in effective ways teacher tenure bring a sour taste to some of Americas tongues. TeacherRead MoreBeing A Teacher Is Not Easy As A Lot Of Children And Teens1519 Words   |  7 PagesBeing a teacher is not easy as a lot of children and teens think. There are responsibilities that correspond with not only becoming a teacher, but also maintaining the job as a teacher. One responsibility for being a teacher includes preparing long-term lessons and grading papers for students. When you are a teacher, you can not teach a class without having your plans organized. Also, when the students are assessed, there will need to be someone who will need to critique what the students  ¨glow ¨Read MoreEssay On Real Life1359 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficult to make continuous plans with friends before leaving for college. This transition was new, unknown, and full of great surprises. Just a week after graduating from high school, I started my first official job. Teaching 10-year-olds at a summer camp seemed like a typical young adult summer job. This specific summer program was held at a Presbyterian church, requiring bible studies every day. I’m not religious so it was difficult to teach a subject I didn’t know about or believed in. This was a newRead MoreTenure Systems Should Not Be Eliminated1260 Words   |  6 Pagesit’s an easy job to be a teacher because all you’re doing is just teaching students, but that’s not the case. To be a successful teacher you have to make sure that all your students are learning and succeeding in the subject you are teaching. However not all the students learn at the same pace. Some students pick up a subject quickly while others have a harder time and may need additional help to pass. Becoming a teacher itself isn’t an easy task. In order to become a teacher for a teaching credential

The Right to Information Act Free Essays

The Right to Information Act, 2005 is a landmark legislation in the history of independent India. Before the passing of this historic Act, there was â€Å"The Freedom of Information Act, 2002† But to ensure smoother and greater access to information and to make it more progressive, participatory, and meaningful certain important changes was felt necessary. The Government examined the suggestions made by the National Advisory Council and others and decided to make a number of changes in the said law. We will write a custom essay sample on The Right to Information Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Government in view of the significant changes proposed in the existing Act, decided to repeal the Freedom of Information Act, 2002. As a result, â€Å"The Right to Information Bill, 2005†, passed by Lok Sabha on 11th May, 2005 and by Rajya Sabha on 15th June, 2005 and received the assent of the President on 15th June,2005. The Right to Information Act, 2005 contains VI Chapters and 31 Sections. Some of the important Sections of the RTI Act can be stated as follows—- Under the provisions of the RTI Act, 2005, any citizen can seek information in writing in the form of an application or by e-mail and should be addressed to the Public Information Officer (PIO) or Assistant PIO of the concerned office/public authority either in English Hindi or in the official language of the area. Even if one submits an application for an information to a PIO whose public authority is not in possession of information, has to accept the information and forward the same to the concerned public authority about such transfer [section 6(3)] In such cases, the second public authority becomes responsible for providing the applicant with the information that is requested within prescribed time limit [section 5(5)] Reason for securing information is not required to be stated in the application. Normally the PIO is to provide the information within 30 days. However in case of life and liberty, the PIO is bound to provide information within 48 hours. If the required information is part of a proactive disclosure of section 4 (I) (b), then it should be provided instantly by the PIO without any application fee, except the printing cost of the information. No prescribed format is necessary to apply under RTI Act,2005. An application on a plain paper comprising full postal address of the applicant, PIO or Assistant PIO’s address, details of information required with a statement that the information is sought under RTI Act 2005, are the basic requirements. Application fee of Rs. 10 (in case of Government of Assam office/organization) is required in case of a Government of Indian office/organization. If the applicant does not receive the information or is not satisfied with the information received from the PIO, he/she can file an appeal with the first appellate authority (FAA) under section 19 (I). There is no prescribed format for an appeal. Moreover, neither Govt. of India nor Govt. of Assam prescribed any fees for the first appeal till now. The Act prescribed maximum 45 days time for the disposal of first appeal by the FAA. If an applicant does not receive information within 45 days, then he/she can take the matter forward to the second appeal stage. The RTI Act, 2005 is a historic legislation and no such strong provision has been made in any Act or code in India till date. The right to information covers inspections of works, document, record and its certified copy and information in the form of diskettes, floppies, video cassettes in electronic form, taped or stored information in computers etc. Though certain information are prohibited, every public authority is under obligations to provide information on written request or request by electronic means with payment of fee. The Act vehemently provides for restrictions for third party information. It has been stated earlier that there is the appellate provision in the Act. As such, the appeal against the decision of central information officer and state information officer can be made to a senior officer in rank. The penalty for refusal to receive an application for information or for not providing information is Rs. 250 per day, but the total amount of penalty should not exceed Rs. 25000 The Central Information Commission is to be constituted by the Central Govt. and State Information Commission by the respective state governments. In spite of having the various important and powerful provisions the state Governments are not ready to implement the RTI Act, 2005, in letter and spirit. The case is pertinent in Assam too, which so far has seen the government drag its feet when it comes to implementing the various provisions under the Act. Consequently Assam is among those states where the State Information Commission has been unable to perform to the desired extent, or simply failed to bring in probity and transparency in matters of public finance. When state Government will come forward to implement the provisions of RTI Act then only the true objectives of the Act will be fulfilled. The Act will be able to curb corruption and misuse of taxpayer’s money will be stopped, and can be utilized for the sake of common good and welfare of the state. The posts of Information Commissioner should be filled up by qualified and impartial persons. Free legal education should be provided to the people, to be more conscious about the legal benefit of the Act and help to access the information and exert their rights in true spirit. How to cite The Right to Information Act, Papers

Management and Compensation Committees †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management and Compensation Committees. Answer: Introduction In the past years there have been several innovations within the financial sector, also with the globalization of the industries have changed to a great extent. As risks are unavoidable in business, the term generally refers to the specific uncertainty which tends to surround the upcoming outcomes and the events. It is generally the impact of a previous event that has the potential of influencing the objectives of the organization. When the risks are recognized within the organization, it needs to apply the risk management to the issues that tend to be predetermined as the outcome of the adverse situations (Stulz 2016). Risk management refers to the safety management principles that are consequences based; therefore the organizations are required to design a risk and safety management framework. This is a tool that is a fundamental constituent of a well designed decision making and management at each level of the organization. Considering the financial sector, the continuous developm ent in the global financial market, the banks are faced with diverse situation. On one hand the opportunities have expanded along with the markets, however at the same time the risks in the business have expanded (McGregor and Smit 2017). The banks are more exposed to the risks in the recent time. This study will trigger the risk management and the corporate governance audit that may have two more outcomes such as the identification of the value of the organization, and at the other hand I may also indicate to the development of the value system. This study will discuss this in respect of World Bank, a global financial institution. Banks are more subjected to various risks as they have a wide range of activities. Generally the risks faced by the banks may be divided into four categories, operational, financial, event and business risks. These risks can also be divided into more categories. The financial risks may fall into two more categories, pure risks and the solvency risks. The pure risks comprises of the credit and liquidity where the solvency risks are the loss of the bank if the organization is not managed properly. There can also be the speculative risks that are determined mostly on the financial arbitrage and may have two kinds of possibilities as it may turn out in a positive result if the arbitrage is right, however the bank might face a loss if it is not right. The speculative risks also include the currency, interest rate, market or the position price risks (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). The financial risks can also be complicated which has the possibility of increasing the overall risks of th e bank. For instance, if a bank is engaged in dealing in a foreign country it is generally exposed to the risks related to currency; however it is also possible that the bank may be also exposed to the interest and liquidity risks if it carries the open positions. There can also be the operational risks that are generally related to the overall functioning and organizational system of the internal procedure which includes the risks related to the digital technologies, related to the procedures and policies of the bank and the measurement of the fraud and mismanagement of the bank (Lam 2014). There can also be the business risks which are mostly associated with the business environment of the bank involving the policy concern and the macroeconomic factors, regulatory and legal factors along with the infrastructure of the financial sector. The risks mostly include all the exogenous risks that may jeopardize the operations of the bank and has the possibility of undermining the financia l condition of the bank. Risk based Analysis The World Bank is the global financial institution that generally provides the countries loan for various capital programs. The World Bank is generally a part of the World Bank group which is comprised of the International Development Association (IDA) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and it is also a part of the United Nations (World Bank Group. 2017). The performance of the supervisors of the bank evolves continuously along with the appraisal process of the financial analysts. This change is essential for meeting the challenges of the new developments and innovations. It is also important to note that the accommodation of the bigger procedure of the convergence of the global practices and standards are always discussed by the supervisory board of the World Bank. However the conventional analysis of the bank is done on the basis of the quantitative tools that are to assess the condition of the bank and the financial ratios (Moretti and Pestre 2015 ). The risk based analysis of the World Bank includes the significant qualitative factors and the makes the placement of the financial ratios in the bigger framework of the risk management and the risk assessment that is also changes with the relevant risks (Eling and Marek 2014). This analysis also involves the underline of the several institutional aspects such as the style and quality of the corporate governance and management, consistency, completeness and the adequacy of the policies of the bank along with the completeness and effectiveness of the internal control of the World Bank and the accurateness of the information system of the bank. For the risk management analysis, the scectoral analysis and the analysis of both the international and domestic analysis is significant. The sectoral analysis generally provides the established norms for each sector within the banking industry. Also, the World Bank tend to participate in both the global and domestic financial systems all around the world and it plays a major role in the national economic systems as well. The banking statistics also provide a thorough insight to the economic systems of the countries. Credit Risk Management Credit risk refers to the opportunity that a issuer or a debtor of World Bank, whether a company, an individual or a country, will disagree to repay according to the terms and conditions of the credit agreement. The credit risk can affect the cash flow of the bank directly and has a possibility of affecting the liquidity of the bank. Therefore, most of the times scholars have indicated that the credit risks are the primary reasons for the bank failures. Therefore World Bank has the credit risk management policies that are outlined according to the allocation and scope of the credit facilities of the bank (World Bank Group. 2017). Also the credit portfolio is managed in a way that financing assets and investment policies are supervised and appraised. For reducing or limiting the credit risks, World Bank puts close attention to few issues such as related to the party financing, exposure to the single clients and exposure to the economic or geographic areas. Higher exposure and the conc entration limits generally refer to more allowed exposure to the single customers, group of customers or a certain sector to the financial activities (Eling and Marek 2014). In addition to that, related to the related party financing generally involves the significant stakeholders of the bank such as affiliated companies, subsidiaries, directors and others. These parties are generally placed in such a apposition that it exerts influence on the policies and decision making of the bank. In analyzing the credit risks, World Bank mostly reviews the loan portfolio structure which includes distribution of loan portfolios, loans with major governments and the other guarantees along with the risk classification of the loans and the detailed analysis of the nonperforming loans (World Bank Group. 2017). This figure refers to the profile of the borrowers of the bank that generally emphasizes the target client segment that may pose a risk to the bank. Liquidity Risk Management The liquidity management is essential for the bank for compensating the unexpected and expected fluctuations in the balance sheet and for providing further funds for the world development. The liquidity risk management is usually a major banking function and it is an essential part of the asset liability management procedure. It has been identified that World Bank is specifically vulnerable to this particular problem on the level of being institution specific from a methodical view point. Therefore World Bank has adopted liquidity management policies which include risk management or the decision making constitution with the funding and liquidity management, a set of limitations to the exposure to the liquidity risks and the methods that involves the liquidity planning under crisis situation and other alternative scenarios (World Bank Group. 2017). Market risk refers to the risk that the bank may experience losses due to unfavorable movements in the market prices which may result in the changes in prices. In addition to that the market risk may also come from the foreign exchange. Therefore market risks may come into practice from the instability of the position that the bank has taken within the primary economic markets such as equities, commodities, currencies and interest sensitive debt securities. Therefore any kind of instability within these market areas may have the possibility of exposing World Bank to the fluctuations in the value or the price of the financial instruments (World Bank Group. 2017). Moreover, World Bank has the market risk management policies that commonly state the objectives of the bank and the relevant policy guidelines that has been established in order to protect the capital of the bank from any negative impact of the unstable movements in the market prices. Currency Risk Management The currency risks generally results when there is a significant change in the exchange rates. It originates due to the mismatch between the value of liabilities and assets that are denominated in various countries. There are other risks that can accompany the currency risks are the liquidity risks, settlement risks, counterparty risks and the interest rate risks. While assessing the currency risks, World Bank have distinguished clearly between the risks that are the outcomes of the conventional banking operations, risks initiating from the political decisions and the risks from the trading operations (World Bank Group. 2017). However, the currency risks are generally handled by the established position limits. In addition to that, the major currency risk management is the net effectual open position of all the currencies put together as the absolute values and therefore expressed as a certain percentage of the qualifying capital. Also the net effective open position is not expected to surpass the determined value. It should also be noted that the currency risk management outlines a section of the asset liability process. The asset liability management is related with the interest rate risk management. The asset liability management committee of World Bank triggers the protection of capital and income from interest rate risks. The primary aim of the interest rate risk management is the maintenance of the interest rate risks within the authorized levels. The World Bank attempts to make sure that the restructuring of the balance sheet that tends to generate the maximum benefits from the interest rate movement (World Bank Group. 2017). This can also be influenced by the liquidity issue, especially when the bank does not access the derivatives of the interest rates. The World Bank determines the risk and its impact by recognizing and quantifying the exposures through utilizing the valuation model and the simulation along with the gap analysis of re-pricing. Operational Risk Management The operational risk management is one of the most significant activities of the bank where it the assessment of the risks need to recognize the business activities which needs to aligned with the operational, strategic and the compliance objectives (Claessens and Yurtoglu 2013). This risk management needs a clear reporting along with the risk and the performance indicators that are linked with the control of the risks from the business performances. The corporate governance refers to the method of governing the business. It may also be defined by the relationship between the board of World Bank, shareholders, management and the other stakeholders of the organization. The corporate governance principles include the settlement of the corporate objectives of the bank that aligns with the corporate behaviors and activities that are regulated for operating the bank in a safe way (Claessens and Yurtoglu 2013). The corporate governance team of World Bank within the economical market generally provides the policies on the corporate governance that are related to the capital markets and financial sectors. The FMI or the Financial Market Integrity group is placed within the global practice of the World Bank group. The corporate governance within the FMI put the focus on the improvement of the CG in the rising markets. This is done by providing the thought leadership, technical assistance and the support to the advisory programs of the World Bank group. Having good corporate governance in the emerging countries is essential for helping the organizations and the other financial institutions in improving their performances and lowering the cost of the capital and economic growth with financial stability. In performing this, the CG group of World Bank mostly focuses of four different areas that are, improving the banking institution governance specifically for the state owned banks, developing the regulatory and legal function of the unlisted and listed organizations, reinforcing the capability of the supervisors and the regulators and improving the financial institutions and the micro fin ance institutions (World Bank Group. 2017). The CG group works directly within each f these areas and the customer countries for accomplishing the future paths of reforming and supporting the implementation while providing the training, advisory service and the knowledge sharing. Within the financial sector the corporate governance is necessary as the financial organizations are usually charged for upholding the trust of people and defending the depositors (Calomiris and Carlson 2016). Therefore these institutions need more organized corporate governance for fulfilling their fiduciary responsibilities. The Cooperate governance group of World Bank therefore has developed various tools that can identify the weakness and the strengths of the existing framework. Conclusion The authorization of World Bank is the financing of the development over a medium run. As the bank is one of the enormous sources of the financial resources for further development, it is associated with several agencies. The World Bank model generally puts the focus on the real variables along with the emphasis on the relation between the external resources, savings, growth and investment. The primary target of the World Bank is developing the real GDP along with the foreign reserves. The fundamental policy instruments are generally the fiscal policy and the non trade inflows of the foreign resources. Therefore it has been identified that the framework of World Bank is a two gap model. The above figure shows that the requirements for the investment are generally given by the relation between the ICOR and the desired rate of the financial development. However there are also few internal possibilities of fulfilling the gaps, such as adjusting the desired developmental rate as that tends to slow the economic growth down. Also there can be measures that can be helpful in increasing the marginal competence of the capital. However this model presumes K or the stock capital as a constant but scholars also view that it may focus on the outline of the capital accumulation, consumption and investment along with the efficiency measurements. Reference List and Bibliography Acharya, V. V., Gottschalg, O. F., Hahn, M., and Kehoe, C. 2013. Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), 368-402. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A., and Rustambekov, E. 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), 265-276. Calomiris, C. W., and Carlson, M. 2016. Corporate governance and risk management at unprotected banks: National banks in the 1890s.Journal of Financial Economics,119(3), 512-532. Calomiris, C. W., and Carlson, M. 2016. Corporate governance and risk management at unprotected banks: National banks in the 1890s.Journal of Financial Economics,119(3), 512-532. Claessens, S., and Yurtoglu, B. B. 2013. Corporate governance in emerging markets: A survey.Emerging markets review,15, 1-33. Dalwai, T. A. R., Basiruddin, R., and Abdul Rasid, S. Z. 2015. A critical review of relationship between corporate governance and firm performance: GCC banking sector perspective.Corporate Governance,15(1), 18-30. Eling, M., and Marek, S. D. 2014. Corporate governance and risk taking: Evidence from the UK and German insurance markets.Journal of Risk and Insurance,81(3), 653-682. Haan, J., and Vlahu, R. 2016. Corporate governance of banks: A survey.Journal of Economic Surveys,30(2), 228-277. Hopkin, P. 2017.Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Jizi, M. I., Salama, A., Dixon, R., and Stratling, R. 2014. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from the US banking sector.Journal of Business Ethics,125(4), 601-615. Kim, Y., Li, H., and Li, S. 2014. Corporate social responsibility and stock price crash risk.Journal of Banking and Finance,43, 1-13. Lam, J. 2014.Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley and Sons. Li, K., Griffin, D., Yue, H., and Zhao, L. 2013. How does culture influence corporate risk-taking?.Journal of Corporate Finance,23, 1-22. McGregor, A., and Smit, J. 2017. Risk management: Human rights due diligence in corporate global supply chains.Governance Directions,69(1), 16. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., and Embrechts, P. 2015. Quantitative risk management. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., and Embrechts, P. 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Moretti, F., and Pestre, D. (015. Bankspeak: the language of World Bank reports.New Left Review,92, 75-99. Stulz, R. M. 2016. Risk management, governance, culture, and risk taking in banks. Tallon, P. P. 2013. Corporate governance of big data: Perspectives on value, risk, and cost.Computer,46(6), 32-38. Tao, N. B., and Hutchinson, M. 2013. Corporate governance and risk management: The role of risk management and compensation committees.Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics,9(1), 83-99. Tricker, R. B., and Tricker, R. I. 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, and Sustainability. (2017). World Bank. Retrieved 28 May 2017, from https://www.worldbank.org/

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who to read literature

French and English Cognates That Start With A

French and English Cognates That Start With A One of the great things about learning French or English is that many words have the same roots in the Romance languages and English. The 1,700 words on the following pages are spelled (although not pronounced) identically in French and English and are true or semi-true cognates. Before you start memorizing them, please read some important notes about these cognates. French English Cognates: A The (parentheses) indicate the words part of speech in both languages, and, in the case of nouns, the gender of the noun in French.abandon  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)abattoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)abdication  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)​​abdomen  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)abdominal  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)aberrant  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)aberration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abject  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)abolition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abominable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)abomination  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abracadabra  Ã‚  Ã‚  (exclamation)abrasion  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abrogation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)absence  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)absent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)absinthe  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)absolution  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)absorption  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abstention  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abstinence  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)abstinent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)abstraction  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)acacia  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)accent  Ã‚     (masculine noun)accentuation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)accessible  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)accident  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)accolade  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)accord  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)accumulation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)accusation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)acolyte  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)acquisition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)action  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)acupuncture  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)adage  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)adaptable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)adaptation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)addenda  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)addition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)adjacent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)adjectival  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)administration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)admirable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)admiration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)admission  Ã‚  Ã‚  feminine noun)admonition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)adolescence  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)adolescent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)adoption  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)adorable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)adoration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (fem inine noun)adroit  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)adulation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)adverbial  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)adverse  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)affable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)affectation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)affection  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)affiliation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)affirmation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)affirmative  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)affliction  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)affront  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)aficionado  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)agent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)agile  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)agitation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)agriculture  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)air  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)album  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)alias  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adverb)alliance  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)alligator  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)allophone  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)allusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)alpha  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)alphabet  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)altercation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)altitude  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)alto  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjectiv e)amateur  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ambition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)ambivalence  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)ambivalent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)amble  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ambulance  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)amoral  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)ample  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)amplification  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)amputation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)amusement  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)anal  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)ancestral  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)anecdote  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)angle  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)angora  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective masculine noun)animal  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)animation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)annihilation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)annotation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)anthrax  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)anticipation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)antidote  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)antique  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)antisocial  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)apartheid  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)aperture  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)apocalypse  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)apostrophe     Ã‚  (feminine noun)apparent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)apparition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)applicable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)application  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)appropriation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)approximation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)aptitude  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)aquarium  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)arable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)arcade  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)architectural  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)architecture  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)archives  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)argument  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)aria  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)armistice  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)arrogance  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)arrogant  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)arsenal  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)arsenic  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)art  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)artefact  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)article  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)articulation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)artifice  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)artisan  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ascension  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)aspartame  Ã‚  Ã‚  (m asculine noun)aspiration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)assassin  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)assertion  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)assimilation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)assistance  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)association  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)assurance  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)astral  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)astringent  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective masculine noun)atlas  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)atoll  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)atonal  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)attention  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)attitude  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)attraction  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)attribution  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)auburn  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)audible  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)audit  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)audition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)augmentation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)aura  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)automation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)automobile  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)avalanche  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)avarice  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)avenue  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)aversion  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine n oun)aviation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)

Management - Honeywell International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management - Honeywell International - Essay Example This is done by producing high quality products at an efficient rate. Although this is a challenge to many companies, there are a couple of strategies that are used in order to improve the quality and also the production of goods and services. Using the case of the Honeywell International, the "Honeywell operating system" (HOS) will be analyzed and used as one of the many examples of the strategies that companies and organizations that want an increase in both their quality of goods and productions level apply. Summary The article â€Å"From Bitter to Sweet† is about the Honeywell International which is a factory in Lincolnshire that produces electronics. 8 years ago, it adopted a new production system which is commonly known as the "Honeywell operating system" (HOS) and was the reason for the transformation of the once known troubled giant into the successful company that it is known today (From Bitter to Sweet, 2012). HOS has proved fruitful from the results that have been w itnessed by the company. It is reported that there is an improvement in productivity. The sector has become more efficient. What they used to produce and deliver in 42days is now done within 10 days. Their sales have increased by 72% with a period of nine years and their profits have doubled over the years to $4 leading to an increase in revenue. The history of Howell dates back to 1999 where the original Honeywell was bought by a company known as Allied Signal and the joining of the two companies proved to be hard because of the different management structure. But when Mr. Cote took it over in 2002, he brought new cultures that included 12 behaviors and reshuffling of the portfolio and also introduced HOS. These improvements seemed remarkable. Today Honeywell is in a strong and stable position in the industry despite having many competitors like the Johnson Controls, United Technologies among others. Although there were some problems experienced in the implementation of the new str ategy like employees resistance to the changes, the company’s share prices has far outperformed the S&P 500 and has even opened other branches both country wide and worldwide (From Bitter to Sweet, 2012). Analysis of the topic Improving the quality and production of a company is an important undertaking for organizations survival. Therefore organizations strive in order to be the best at what they do and to outdo their competitors and also to maintain their customers. From the case of the Honeywell International, we can see how the organization changed its operating system and became a very successful company. The HOS is known to be a system that assures quality and is based on the Six Sigma principle. Its core elements are made up of an improvement process that is continuous that is there should be the workforce involvement in operation processes and all the production processes are required to be in a way that is synchronized with the customer's needs. Another aspect of HOS is it emphasizes control geared production strictly to match customer requirements. This ensures that stocks are minimized hence provide an increases in productivity that is substantial (From Bitter to Sweet, 2012). Another name for this policy is the pull system. This system is market oriented and saves organizations the cost of forecasting and researching the market to see which products they can produce. Through fault minimization in the production area, the results will be that the company

Genetic Counseling--Christian Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetic Counseling--Christian Perspective - Essay Example Preparations for Hemophila can be life saving for the child (Lehrman, 1998). If the child is cut, the parent does not waste time trying to stop the blood. Counseling after the child is born until they reach adulthood can also be helpful. An early diagnosis helps the parent and child cope with their illness. Abortion is murder, but so is euthanasia. Reputable doctors do not counsel people to commit suicide or perform euthanasia on an ill patient. What makes an unborn baby with an illness that is not even certain different? Genetic testing cannot give 100% yes or no answers. Even if the child has one of the above conditions, genetic testing cannot predict symptoms or severity of the disease (Rutter). No Christian counselor can condone abortion. Under the law, they cannot prevent abortions, but it is a Christian genetic counselor’s duty counsel against termination of pregnancy. A Christian genetic counselor cannot deny Biblical teachings. The Bible states â€Å"thou shalt not kill† (Exodus 20:13, King James Version). To counsel a woman to have an abortion would be under any circumstances wrong. The Christian counselor must reinforce man’s way is not God’s. A child with a genetic defect can be healed by God, but a sick child can also be a blessing. Even if the parents go ahead with the abortion, maybe later in life the parents can be convicted by what the counselor witnesses today. Either way God will bless the counselor for relying on His

The relationship between Taipei National Palace Museum and Beijing Essay

The relationship between Taipei National Palace Museum and Beijing Palace Museum - Essay Example Earlier Taipei had been retained as the island’s capital by the Japanese after they acquired Taiwan. This took place after the first Sino- Japanese war in 1895. In addition, the Japanese also conducted a widespread urban planning that was perceived to be advanced. However, in 1945, following the surrender of the Japanese, the island was taken over by the republic of China. The ruling Kuomintang was forced to resettled the government of republic of China in Taiwan and they later made a declaration that its provisional capital was Taipei. All took place when the Chinese communist party took over the mainland china during the Chinese civil war (Cuno, 132). The art museum located in Taipei is known to be a national palace museum. The national museum belongs to the republic of china (Taiwan) and is perceived to be one of the largest worldwide because it consists of several permanent collections. The national palace museum is mainly a gallery and museum of art with the central colle ction being various artifacts from the ancient China. The museum should not be confused with the Beijing palace museum. The two have similarities in that they both trace their ancestry to one institution. The division occurred in 1940 when the Chinese civil war erupted. Today, Taipei national palace museum boasts to be an organization in possession of collection perceived to be truly international. The museum is in possession of leading artifacts collections worldwide derived from the ancient china. The cultural artifacts collection found in Taipei national palace museum consists of several precious pieces. The collection include different pieces of Chinese artifacts and artworks that are ancient, and covers several years in the history of china mainly from the Neolithic age up to the late Qing dynasty. Most of the objects were mainly obtained from different places including the Song, Yuan, Ming and the Qing dynasties. The museum development in Taipei is mostly associated with conte mporary china’s social changes. Puyi who was the last emperor in the Qing dynasty was sent away from the Forbidden City and it is estimated that this took place thirteen years after the republic of china had been established. The national palace museum was established from the cultural artifacts left behind in the palaces. Most articles mainly consisted of former imperial family’s valuables. They were mainly put together by the ancient emperors of china and the pieces are of high quality. Both the national palace museum best known as Taipei and the Beijing palace museum situated in the people’s republic of china inside the Forbidden City share similar original ancestry. The separation of the two was as a result of civil war in China. The Forbidden City right from the Ming dynasty up to the end of the Qing dynasty remained the imperial palace in China. It is located in the mid of Beijing in China and holds the palace museum. It has served as emperors and their ho useholds homes for several years in the past. In addition it has also served as the center for all kinds of ceremonies and politics in the government of China. Since 1925 the palace museum has remain in charge of the Forbidden City. This museum extensive collection of art consists of those from the Ming and the Qing dynasties. Some of the former collection of the museum is currently found in Taipei national palace museum. The two have several things in common including the fact that they descended from one

Power Through Propaganda in Animal Farm

Power Through Propaganda in Animal Farm From the song Beasts of England to the commandments and their gradual changes, the main source of power throughout Animal Farm results from language and propaganda. Propaganda is information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view Because of Squealers use of this mechanism, and the manipulation of other characters, the reality for Animal Farm is shaped by the words of the powerful. Although one could say that visuals are the strongest type of propaganda, Words are much more powerful. By demonstrating how easily convinced the animals of the farm are by powerful speech or strong words, Orwell shows how people can fall victim and believe lies because of strong persuasive language or the power of words, without understanding the true intentions behind the propaganda they are fed. One could say that the power of words is not the most influential type of propaganda. One could argue that pictures are more influential than words, because of imagery and visuals. But that is not the case. One example of the way that words are the most influential type of propaganda is the song, Beasts of England. Beasts of England Unifies the animals at the beginning of the story. The animals are drawn to words that give them a common enemy and unite them. The song Beasts of England Uses the power of speech to make the animals feel as if they are all united. Even if theyve never gotten along before. Tyrant Man shall be oerthrown, And the fruitful fields of England shall be trod by beasts aloneBright will shine the fields of England, Purrer shall its waters be (Orwell, George). These lyrics make the animals feel as if they are united, and better off without man. Calling men tyrants and evil, while saying that the world will be a better place when men are gone, definitely affects how the animals singing this song will think. Another example of how strong words can be is Old Majors speech. Old Major uses a Hobbesian figure when he declares: Let us face it, our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. And he also speaks in Marxist terms when he declares that Man is the problem. Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labor would be our own. Almost overnight we could be rich and free. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades. Rebellion!'(Robb, Paul H.) Old Major uses propaganda when convincing animals that they should all be against man. This type of propaganda is called pinpointing the enemy. This type of propaganda is used extremely often during wartime, and also in political campaigns and debates. This is an attempt to simplify a complex situation by presenting one specific group or person as the enemy. Old Majors words This type of propaganda is shown in the commandments of animalism. Another way the animals are persuaded by words are the commandments and their changes. The Commandments were made with the intention to unite all animals in mutual equality while identifying the human race as the only significant enemy. The rules made were meant to make the animals feel as if they were in a new, organized political Utopia. However, the words used to sway the animals were not going to stay equal for all. Eventually, the pigs establish themselves as leaders over the other animals. These masses are cleverly displayed through Squealers doubletalk and kept content, initially, by their share in the benefits that follow from increased labor (Laurie Lanzen Harris). Squealer is a pig on Animal Farm. Squealer spins stories into showing how great napoleon is and showing everyone how he can do nothing wrong, or how everything he does is for the greater good of the animals, when its really for his personal gain or just for the pigs. One example is when Squealer commented on The w ar between the three farms. .Russia entered the European war on the side of the Allies (culminating in victory for the Soviet Union, as Squealer claims for Animal Farm, though the only victory was in gaining back what they had before), increasing attempts were made by Stalin to achieve some level of entente, or agreement, with the other Allied nations. A series of meetings were held between the leaders of the various nations, and one particular conference resulted in the protracted Cold War. This conference is represented in the novel by the meeting between the pigs and the humans at the end, at which a quarrel breaks out over cheating at cards (Fitzpatrick, Kathleen). Squealer tells the animals that they had won the war. However, they had not really won anything. The animals do not get mad, however, because squealer strayed them from the truth. He made the animals believe that they had won a war that was unnecessary and unhelpful. One story that squealer drastically changes is boxe rs death. All the animals were working on a windmill. However, while working, boxer gets injured. , and all the animals believe Squealers lies. Especially at Boxers betrayal and tragic death, as well as soon after each event Squealer appears, making the animals feel as if the death was excusable, constructing his versions of events, and explaining that what happened was justified, or what they just say was not what really occurred. Out of context the idea that a pig on hind legs, wiping hot tears from his eyes in memory of a departed friend, is absurd. Butit assumes a very sinister note. Orwells very silence would seem to carry much weight here, it is in such marked contrast to the agitation in the novel (Elbarbary, Samir). However, although the speech is now negative toward the rest of the animals, (representing the common people), the way Squealer adapts the stories of Boxers death so the animals are persuaded to think that its ok. This has been done with the power of words, therefore it is the strongest type of propaganda. In conclusion, The animals in Animal Farm are persuaded by the most influential type of propaganda, the power of words. This is because of squealers persuasion of the animals, the changing of the commandments, and the song Beasts of England. Some may say that imagery is the most influential type of propaganda, but that is not true. The animals in Animal Farm are the most persuaded by the power of words. Works Cited Robb, Paul H. Animal Farm: Overview. Reference Guide to English Literature, edited by D. L. Kirkpatrick, 2nd ed., St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center Fitzpatrick, Kathleen. An overview of Animal Farm. Literature Resource Center, Gale, 2016. Literature Resource Center Elbarbary, Samir. Language as Theme in Animal Farm. Short Story Criticism, edited by Joseph Palmisano, vol. 68, Gale, 2004. Literature Resource Center

Mono Lake :: Biology Science Papers

Mono Lake 1. Mono Lake Mono Lake is a unique body of water lying in the Eastern Sierra Nevadas. For decades its water sources were tapped by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP) to use for farming because the lake's high elevation would allow them to easily transport the water to the city and because the water was so saline, people believed it was worthless. The normal traits by which people judge lakes were lacking in Mono: fish could not survive in the salty water, the water was harsh to swim in because of the chemicals and salinity, the scenery was unlike other lakes because there were no trees. Mono Lake appeared to be an isolated lake in the middle of the desert, which DWP could use as they wished. What they hadn't known at the time was the rich history of the lake and the important place it held in the biological world. The geological history of the Western United States has shaped Mono and given it the properties it has, while those properties have given it a specific role in the migration of birds. Plate Tectonics The geological processes that formed and continue to influence Mono Lake began approximately 215 million years ago when the Farallon sea floor plate began subducting, or pushing, under the North American plate. The North American plate was pushed over the sea floor plate by the force of the African and South American plates rifting apart. The friction from the North American plate rubbing against the Farallon plate melted some of the continental rocks, which then erupted in a long volcano chain, the Sierran Arc, stretching from Alaska to Mexico inland from the coast. Over time, the unerupted magma chambers from the Sierran Arc cooled into the granitic batholith that is the Sierra Nevadas (Tierney, 26-27). 2. Diagram of Subduction Zone About 20 million years ago the last part of the Farallon sea floor plate subducted under the North American plate. This put the North American plate and the Pacific plate into contact, but unlike the Farallon sea floor plate, the Pacific plate sheared against the side of the North American plate. Because there was no plate subducting, the North American plate was in direct contact with the mantle (Tierney, 29). Heat from the mantle made the continental crust more ductile, which allowed the crust to extend and thin.

Ilm Leadership

Title: Assessing your own leadership capability and performance (M5. 29) 5 6 Assessment criteria (the learner can) 1. 1 Review the prevailing leadership styles in the organisation Assess the impact of the prevailing leadership styles on the organisation’s values and performance Level: Credit value: Learning outcomes (the learner will) 1 Understand leadership styles within an organisation 1. 2 2 Be able to review effectiveness of own leadership capability and performance in meeting organisational values and goals 2. 1Assess own ability to apply different leadership styles in a range of situations Assess own ability to communicate the organisation’s values and goals to staff in own area Assess own ability to motivate others and build commitment to the organisation’s values and goals 2. 2 2. 3 3 Be able to adopt an effective leadership style to motivate staff to achieve organisational values and goals 3. 1 Justify the most effective leadership style to motivate staf f in own area, to achieve the organisation’s values and goals Implement the most effective leadership style in order to motivate staff in own area to achieve the organisation’s values and goals . 2 Additional information about the unit Unit purpose and aim(s) To develop understanding and ability to lead teams to achieve organisational values and goals as required by a practising or potential middle manager. 31/12/2014 Links to MSC 2004 NOS: A2, A3 Unit expiry date Details of the relationship between the unit and relevant national occupational standards or professional standards or curricula (if appropriate) Assessment requirements or guidance specified by a sector or regulatory body (if ppropriate) Support for the unit from a sector skills council or other appropriate body (if required) Location of the unit within the subject/sector classification system Name of the organisation submitting the unit Availability for use Units available from Unit guided learning hours Ad ditional Guidance about the Unit Indicative Content: 1 †¢ A range of leadership theories and different leadership styles, such as: the trait approach to leadership the behavioural school (McGregor, Blake and Mouton) the contingency or situational school (Fielder, Hersey-Blanchard, Tannenbaum and Schmidt, Adair) leaders and followers (Servant Leadership, Team Leadership, Transactional and Transformational) dispersed leadership The key responsibilities of the leadership role in terms of: taking responsibility contributing to overall vision and goals setting and providing guidance on values setting direction for significant programmes or projects stimulating innovation and enterprise anticipating, planning for and leading change overcoming obstacles delegating setting objectives for teams and individuals communicating and motivating supporting and developing programmes, projects, eams and individuals modelling appropriate behaviour representing the team and feeding back its experi ences and views protecting the team and its members Assessing the impact of different leadership styles Organisational values and acceptable standards of behaviour in the organisation Organisational values and organisational purpose, vision and mission Management Standards Centre (MSC) Business Management Institute of Leadership & Management Private 01/01/2008 15 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 2 †¢ †¢ †¢ Theories and principles of delegating responsibility and empowering others The critical importance of the leader gaining the motivation and commitment of others Critiques of the main theories of motivation, such as: Maslow’s Hierarchy McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Vroom’s Expectancy Theory McClelland’s 3-Needs Theory Motivational factors that are available to the leader (e. g. safety and security, sense of belonging and common purpose, respect, recognition of achievement , empowerment and self-actualisation, sense of fulfilment, personal and professional development, material rewards, sanctions, job roles and employment conditions) How to evaluate motivational factors and select those that are appropriate to different situations and people Effective communication of values and goals Leadership to support the achievement of the organisation’s goals by encouraging common and acceptable norms of organisational behaviour 3 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢The concept of emotional intelligence as developed by different theorists and how it applies to the leadership role The importance of understanding one’s own strengths and limitations Using and interpreting different techniques to identify their own characteristics, strengths and limitations The importance of continuous self-development and how to identify opportunities to develop oneself in the leadership role The importance of leader s: displaying confidence and self-assurance by playing to own strengths and showing a readiness to take calculated risks being socially aware (empathy, organisational and ‘political’ awareness, service to others) managing relationships (inspiring, influencing, networking, conflict management) displaying self-leadership (controlling own emotions, particularly when under stress, being open and honest with others, showing integrity and trust worthiness, being flexible, setting challenging but realistic objectives for themselves and others, taking personal responsibility for significant challenges, seeing setbacks as opportunities rather than threats) communicating overall vision and goals and how to win and maintain the commitment of teams and individuals to these Effective techniques for communicating, persuading and negotiating both directly and indirectly with teams and individuals How to select communication, persuasion and negotiation skills appropriate to different s ituations and people The importance of being able to use a repertoire of leadership styles in different situations and with different people How to develop vision and goals for significant projects or programmes of work The importance of being aware of and analysing the internal and external environments in which the leader operates The leader’s role in supporting and mentoring team members

Charity fundraising. Common solutions

Charity fundraising. Common solutions Charity fundraising. Common solutions To reach out to the community and make people talk about you, one can launch an advertising campaign. However, this attitude is not always true with charity, where you have to encourage large corporations to invest for the future. We understand the value of such gatherings and want you to know what you can do to gather fundraisers for an event. Businesses that operate on a local level often reach out to clients to cover the costs for the social event, and if it happens to be charity, it will only increase their chances to support their name and maintain reputation. If you haven’t found the right sponsor yet, we are going to provide you with a few tips on how to do this:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Use your connections. Talk to people you know and communicate with the members of the board. They may personally know business owners, who are interested in funding the charity event and receiving additional bonuses for hosting it on a high-end level. If you are lucky, you will be introduced to some very influential individuals, who can be of great help whenever it comes to a charity event.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Plan the event ahead. Every time we talk about raising funds, we should remember that it is an opportunity for the sponsor to make an association with their names. In other words, when larger businesses facilitate your budget, they hope to receive their fair share of advertising in return, even if it is charity. These are the rules of the game, and by creating a scenario of the future venue in your head, you make it easier for sponsors to follow your thought.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Think of the assets. Before the event takes place, make a small excursion around the area to identify the best places for the brand name of the company. Like any other venue, charity organization demands time and effort. You should search for all potential spots where the commercial banners can be placed so that they catch the guests’ eye immediately. However, you should not make your advertising tacky, as the objective of the venue does not represent commerce alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Provide the goody bags. We all need encouragement, so do not forget to present your guests with a memorable gift. It does not necessarily have to be a luxury item or a golden piece (after all, we are talking about raising money for a good cause – they don’t call them goody bags for nothing). However, you can opt for a notebook with the company’s initials and basic information about the aim of venue. Frequently, guests are presented with the bags at the entrance, but you can do this throughout the party to produce an impression.   Establishing the relationships If you think that your venue details are in order, it is time to manage relationships between the sponsors. You should be as diplomatic as possible, and remember to stick to the original plan. In case you are on a limited budget and the local businesses cover all the costs, you should still be ready to provide an outlay of the future event. Once you know your sponsors are going to be with you, you should delegate someone on your team to ensure friendly relations throughout the entire campaign. This is done in order to secure future meetings: in case you plan to organize similar events in a couple of months, you want your sponsors to keep coming back to you no matter what.   Venue recap Delegate people who are good at communication and are excellent conversationalists. Assisting a charity event is no easy job, and you will need as many helping hands as you are able to find. Discuss the event prior to its start in order to clear up the details and make sure you found a mutual agreement in terms of finance and logos. In case you have contrasting opinions or your views differ on the objective of the event, share them with your colleagues and members of the board, so that you can come to similar conclusions together. After the event is over, do not forget to send a letter of gratitude to all your sponsors, indicating the number of the guests that attended the party, the money raised and the general impressions of the public. It would be a wise gesture to thank your fundraisers for the opportunities provided. We always think of a charity event as a duty, but there is a side to this issue you probably never knew, especially if you are the head of the group, responsible for the venue and everything, related to it. Do not underestimate the importance of recapping an event and highlighting the details, as you inform your sponsors of the press coverage. Their name should be associated with the event, and the goody bags we mentioned in the beginning will help the guests remember the organizers. Local businesses are no exception to the rule when they want to give feedback to their customers and deliver the best performance, whether it is an advertising campaign or a charity issue.

The Last Lecture- Reflection Essays - Educational Psychology

The Last Lecture- Reflection Essays - Educational Psychology The Last Lecture- Reflection Jose Martinez The preparation and work I did for the "teaching" The Last Lecture and the preparation I did for the creation of the web site are similar in many ways. I put a lot of effort and work into the creation of the presentation however I also put as much effort and work into the presentation or "teaching" part. Both jobs took time and effort however the presentation was a lot harder since I am not a good presenter to an audience. The experience of the personal web site produced a more learning for me personally because the creating of the personal website required me to go back into the book and do research on the topics I was suppose to present. It helped because it allowed me to absorb the information and not have it manipulated during the presentation as a different point of view. The following list describes all of the different reading, writing, speaking, and producing activities that helped me reached the final product. Re-reading the chapters Writing down key notes Discussing it with my group Arguing to see which form of presentation we should use The best form of becoming an expert of my section of the book was by rereading the section and becoming familiar with the information provided. Some information I learned from the book was the through perseverance and dedication anything is possible. No matter how much time it takes to leave a legacy it is worth leaving the right one that truly defines you as who you were. No matter how big the obstacle is it can always be overcome if you have the passion and dedication to overcome it. What I've learned from having to prepare a presentation that was responsible for the learning of my peers that no matter what you do you have to present the information in a way that they would understand. Although you might feel nervous about presenting to your peers its important to present the information in way that makes sense but also that the viewers are actually absorbing the material that you are presenting. I think that I learned more from this type of assessment than I would have if it were given to me in a more traditional "test" because my fellow classmates were the ones who presented the material in a way that I full understood the first time they said it. This made it easier to comprehend the full story while still being able to understand the moral of the story. The knowledge and the experience from this assignment will help me improve on better speech and better ways of research and presenting material to an audience.

International Health Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Health Care - Assignment Example Also there are many â€Å"barefoot doctors" that are working for the health care of citizens. All these policies that are being implemented in China are in accordance to the Mao’s initial ‘prevention first’ health policy. During Mao’s era the healthcare was taken as an utmost priority (W & Sidel, 1977 ). China did a surveillance to check for any social inequities in the healthcare system (W & Sidel, 1977 ). Few inequities were found as a result of the surveillance and these inequities seemed difficult to resolve. But the authorities figured out that the health care responds directly to the demonstrated needs of citizens. The surveillance also helped China in activation of political will and community participation among the public because it provided realistic information for local, district and national decision-makers (W & Sidel, 1977 ). This activation of community participation was done through the famous Model County Project. This model showed how an efficiently organized system can be extended to test procedures in experimental areas and adapt them for wide-ranging achievement of specific goals. This project shows how ideological commitment to impartiality and objectiveness can improve health care. Between the early 1960s and late 1970s, China used barefoot doctors to monitor the health of locals and also to give health care to people nearby. Local health cooperatives and the barefoot doctors together, spread knowledge related to healthcare. The activities from the implementation of Model County Project showed a considerable decline of infant mortality which was 275 to 250 (CE, 1992). The general economic reform occurred in China in 1980. China shifted to privatization which reversed the earlier priority of equity. This has caused Chinese rural health care system to go through a rapid transformation. According to some researches, the modernization of China has caused its once viable model of health care system to fall apart.

Developing a strategic plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing a strategic plan - Essay Example Similarly I made a plan for improving students’ perception and satisfaction with transportation. I included two action items; offering buses to commuter students and ensuring the schedule accuracy to facilitate the students and providing private buses and shuttles for the students of Pittsburgh and nearby shopping centers within a radius of 10 miles. This improvement can reduce car traffic and parking issues by 30% and increase student mobility by 75% to Pittsburgh downtown. I did not use trial and error or any redundant old method just to fill in that space with a strategy. I built my strategy based on the information I collected through students’ reviews. Even though the strategic plan is complete and quite comprehensive I would like to add a few things especially regarding public safety. The three action items are very helpful. For instance, they publicize encourage enrollment in E2 campus emergency notification system. Similarly, there are other programs offered under the same category but one thing that I feel missing is the follow-up. There should be a measure or any form of tracking the performance of implementing the strategy. This is to see whether the implemented strategy is giving the output that it is supposed to deliver. Moreover, it is only encouraging students to take part in self-defense programs offered on campus. I believe it should be mandatory for students to take basic training programs for the self-defense. It is quite likely that several students would not want to join but by involving them in the process of constructing the course the program can be more inclusive and productive in the interest of all. This is the first time for me to learn how to develop a strategic plan. The entire process from the beginning to the end has been very helpful and educating for me. The key lessons I learned from this process is how to incorporate the vision and a mission in a plan. I have realized that developing a

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

International business - Essay Example nalysis will seek to draw a level of definition to each and state the ways and means by which they are both separate yet at the same time intricately related. With relation to international business, this is an activity that takes place on what can be understood as a micro level. In this sense, key players within the private sector engage in exchange of goods and services which directly mirror the same process that occurs on a national and/or domestic level. In this way, one can understand that role that individuals, managers and other shareholders hold within this level of transaction as being the most important; with the roles of politicians only being tangential or secondary as long as no barriers to exchange exist (Buckley 2009, p. 330). With relation to the term international trade, this encompasses the activities that have previously been discussed within the preceding paragraph detailing international business activities. For this reason, the international trade definition is something of a catch all definition which all of the activities of international business and the tangential and related aspects thereof are included. Moreover, when one discusses the term international trade, there is a level of emphasis that must necessarily placed on the role that politicians play with regards to regulating the flow of trade between two or more countries (Rasche 2012, p. 681). Although this same type of regulation is exhibited within international business, the term international trade necessarily implies a more macro view of the system as opposed to one that is purely focused upon a more micro approach. The fact of the matter remains that trade and international business are in effect two sides of the same coin. Regardless of the level of differentiation that can ultimately be discerned, the true differentiation that is most recognizable is the involvement of the key players within the process. Due to the more macro view of international trade, the level

The History of Nasa Essay Example for Free

The History of Nasa Essay NASA has done many amazing things. From putting the second man in space to putting the first and second man on the moon. NASA truly has a great history. Project Mercury was the first American human spaceflight program. It’s goal was putting a human into orbit around the Earth. And they wanted to do it before the Soviet Union. Though they were not able to do that before the Soviet Union, they still put a human into orbit. Alan Shepard became the first American astronaut aboard Freedom 7. Project Mercury was the start of many great things. Project Gemini’s objective was to develop space travel skills. This would help in the Apollo missions with the goal of landing a man on the moon. Gemini missions would be able to carry two men. Gemini 3 was the first manned mission in the Gemini program. Nicknamed Molly Brown, Gemini 3 completed the 7th manned spaceflight in the United States and the 17th manned spaceflight overall. The main goal of this mission was to test the new, maneuverable Gemini spacecraft. While in space, the crew fired the thrusters to change the shape of their orbit, slightly shift their orbital plane slightly, and drop to a lower altitude. Some firsts achieved by this mission were: two people flew on an American spacecraft together, and this was the first manned reentry where the spacecraft produced enough lift to change its touchdown point. Gemini 4 was the second manned spaceflight in Project Gemini. Gemini 4 circled the earth 66 times in four days which made it the first American flight to approach the 5-day flight of the Soviet Vostok 5. Although that was great, the greatest accomplishment of this mission was when White made the first spacewalk by an American. White floated free outside the spacecraft for about 20 minutes. Both of these accomplishments helped America overcome the Soviet Union’s early lead in the Space Race. Gemini 5 was also an important mission. This was the mission where the US beat the Soviet Union’s record of 5 days for the longest amount of time spent in space on August 26, 1965. L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. and Charles Conrad, Jr. spent almost 8 days in space beating the record by over 2 days. Gemini 7 included Jim Lovell and Frank Borman On December 4, 1965 Gemini 7 blasts off for space. While they are in space, Gemini 6 is waiting by the launch pad while Gemini 7 waits in space. Some problems occur with Gemini 6 but are resolved in less than 3 days. Gemini 6 launches into space on December 15. Gemini 6 and 7 are planning to fly just inches apart from each other in formation. They fly in formation for 270 minutes, 3 orbits around  the earth. After this, Gemini 6 returns home. Gemini 7 must complete their 2 week mission and then they returned home. This was NASA’s longest mission in space at the time. On June 3rd, 1966 Gemini 9 launched into space. Gene Cernan had to test out a new jetpack but by the time he got it on he was too exhausted to fly with it. Buzz Aldrin was the next to attempt a space walk. Aldrin succeeded and spent more that 5 hours walking in space. Because of Apollo 1, America lost some good men. Ed White, Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee were all killed during a simulation. There was fire due to a spark in the wire which caused oxygen to catch on fire. They were not able to get the door open fast enough and these three men were all killed. Apollo 7 then takes their mission with a redesigned and much safer capsule. Apollo 11 has to be one of the most important missions of all time. Apollo 11 included Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Colinn. Their goal was to walk on the moon and they succeeded. Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon. 15 minutes later Buzz Aldrin became the second man on the moon. The two men spend just over two hours on the moon. With the huge goal of walking on the moon completed, NASA now needs to learn more about the moon. Apollo 12 spent about 8 hour just collecting moon rocks. They ended up collecting 75 pounds of moon rocks. NASA is testing a new shuttle. On february 18, 1977 the space shuttle takes off and lands successfully. There were 31,000 thermal tiles on the shuttle when it took off to protect it. But when it landed they discovered many tiles had fallen off. NASA must develop efficient models before they can actually use the shuttle for missions. After 4 years of testing, the shuttle is finally ready. The first shuttle mission took with it John Young and Bob Crippen. Something that everyone was worried about was that once the rocket boosters were lit, the shuttle was committed to flight. But everything was fine. On April 12, 1981 it took off, orbited the Earth 36 times and landed safely. Crista McCaliff was a social studies teacher and was going into space. On January 28, 1986 the Challenger took off for space, but it never made it.  The Challenger blew up only 73 seconds after lift-off at 67,000 feet in the air. This was the first time NASA lost astronauts in a mission. No spacecraft flew until two years later. Hubble is a super powered telescope that was put into space. Only when it got into space did they realize that it had a big problem with the mirror. Also, there were problems with the solar panels. Without those, Hubble wouldn’t work. After these problems, they sent a repair crew into space. They fixed the problems and Hubble was open for business. Next up, the International Space Station. Russia carried up the first part of the space station in November, 1998. In December the first part that NASA built goes up. The two parts connect in space. The estimated cost for the International Space Station was $170,000,000,000. On January 16, 2003 Columbia is scheduled for lift-off. They make it into space fine but what nobody knows it that something hit the craft during take-off and made a hole in the craft. This wasn’t a big problem until re-entry when the hole caused the craft to explode taking the astronaut’s lives with it. NASA has done many amazing things over the years and they will continue to do many more. These events were some of the most important things to happen in the history of spaceflight and exploration.

Adam Smith Wealth Nations Wealt Of Nations Summary Economics Essay

Adam Smith Wealth Nations Wealt Of Nations Summary Economics Essay In the first sentence of Wealth of Nations, Smith explained his conception of the nature of the wealth of nations. In so doing, he separated his views from those of the mercantilists and physiocrats. The annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes, and which consists always either in the immediate produce of that labour, or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations. In a number of places throughout Wealth of Nations, Smith berated the mercantilists for their concern with the accumulation of bullion and identification of bullion with the wealth of a nation. Smith believed, in fact, that most mercantilists were confused on this issue. For him, wealth was an annual flow of goods and services, not an accumulated fund of precious metals. He also revealed an understanding of a link between exports and imports, perceiving that a fundamental role of exports is to pay for imports. Furthermore, in his opening sentence he implied that the end purpose of economic activity is consumption, a position he developed more fully later in the book. This further distinguishes his economics from that of the mercantilists, who regarded production as an end in itself. Finally, in emphasizing labor as the source of the wealth of a nation, he differed from the physiocrats, who stressed land. Smith went on to suggest that the wealth of nations be measured in per capita terms. Today when it is said, for example, that England is wealthier than China, it is understood that the comparison is based not on the total output or income of the two countries but on the per capita income of the population. In essence, Smiths view has been carried forward to the present. In the same paragraph in which Smith stated that consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production, he rebuked the.mercantilists because in their system the interest of the consumer is almost constantly sacrificed to that of the producer and because they made production, and not consumption . .. the ultimate end and object of all industry and commerce. So much for the nature of the wealth of nations. The rest of Smiths book is concerned with the causes of the wealth of nations, directly or indirectlyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬sometimes very indirectly. Book I deals with value theory, the division of labor, and the distribution of income; Book II with capital as a cause of the wealth of nations. Book III studies the economic history of several nations in order to illustrate the theories presented earlier. Book IV is a history of economic thought and practice that examines mercantilism and physiocracy. Book V covers what today would be called public finance. Causes of the Wealth of Nations Smith held that the wealth of a nation, what we today call the income of a nation, depends upon (1) the productivity of labor and (2) the proportion of laborers who are usefully or productively employed. Because he assumed that the economy will automatically achieve full employment of its resources, he examined only those forces that determine the capacity of the nation to produce goods and services. Productivity of labor. What determines the productivity of the labor force? In Book I, Smith stated that the productivity of labor depends upon the division of labor. It is an observed fact that specialization and division of labor increase the productivity of labor. This had been recognized long before the publication of Wealth of Nations, but no writer emphasized the principle as Smith did. In our modern economyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬even in the academic worldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬division of labor is widely practiced, with notable influence on productivity. Smith illustrated the advantages of specialization and division of labor by borrowing from past literature an example that measured output per worker in a factory producing straight pins. When each worker performs every operation required to produce a pin, output per worker is very low; but if the production process is divided into a number of separate operations, with each worker specializing in one of these operations, a large incre ase in output per worker occurs. In Smiths example, when the process is divided into eighteen distinct operations, output per worker increases from twenty pins per day to forty-eight hundred. It is interesting that although Smith recognized the economic benefits of specialization and division of labor, he also perceived some serious social costs. One social disadvantage of the division of labor is that workers are given repetitious tasks that soon become monotonous. Human beings become machines tied to a production process and are dehumanized by the simple, repetitive, boring tasks they perform. But Smith had no doubt that human welfare is, on balance, increased by the division of labor. The division of labor, in turn, depends upon what Smith called the extent of the market and the accumulation of capital. The larger the market, the greater the volume that can be sold and the greater the opportunity for division of labor. A limited market, on the other hand, permits only limited division of labor. The division of labor is limited by the accumulation of capital because the production process is time-consuming: there is a time lag between the beginning of production and the final sale of the finished product. In a simple economy in which each household produces all of its own consumption needs and the division of labor is slight, very little capital is required to maintain (feed, clothe, house) the laborers during the production process. As the division of labor is increased, laborers no longer produce goods for their own consumption, and a stock of consumer goods must exist to maintain the laborers during the time-consuming production process. This stock of goods comes from saving and is, in this context, what Smith called capital. A major function of the capitalist is to provide the means for bridging the gap between the time when production begins and the time when the final product is sold. Thus, the extent to which production processes requiring division of labor may be used is limited by the amount of capital accumulation available. Smith therefore concluded: As the accumulation of stock must, in the nature of things, be previous to the division of labour, so labour can be more and more subdivided in proportion only as stock is previously more and more accumulated. Productive and unproductive labor. The accumulation of capital, according to Smith, also determines the ratio between the number of laborers who are productively employed and those who are not so employed. Smiths attempt to distinguish between productive and unproductive labor became confused and reflected normative or value judgments on his part. However, it manifests an awareness of the problem of economic growth. Labor employed in producing a vendible commodity is productive labor, Smith held, whereas labor employed in producing a service is unproductive. As an advocate of the changing social and economic order, he postulated that the activities of the capitalists, which resulted in an increased output of real goods, were beneficial to economic growth and development, whereas the expenditures of the landowners for servants and other intangible goods were wasteful. A man grows rich by employing a multitude of manufacturers: he grows poor by maintaining a multitude of menial servant s.10 According to Smith, what is true of the individual is true for the nation; thus, for the economy as a whole, the larger the share of the labor force involved in producing tangible real goods, the greater the wealth of the nation. Capital is required to support the productive labor force; therefore, the greater the capital accumulation, the larger the proportion of the total labor force involved in productive labor. Capitals are increased by parsimony, and diminished by prodigality and misconduct. This distinction between productive and unproductive labor also affected Smiths view of the role of the government in the economy. Just as the expenditures of the landowning class for servants and other forms of unproductive labor are detrimental to economic development, so is some part of government expenditures. The sovereign, for example, with all the officers both of justice and war who serve under him, the whole army and navy, are unproductive labourers.12 Smith insisted that the highest rates of economic growth would be achieved by distributing large incomes to the capitalists, who save and invest, and low incomes to the landlords, who spend for menial servants and who leave nothing behind them in return for their consumption.13 Furthermore, because economic growth is inhibited by government spending for unproductive labor, it is better to have less government and, consequently, lower taxes on the capitalists so that they may accumulate more capital.

August Wilsonâ??s Fences :: essays research papers

August Wilson’s Fences August Wilson''s 1985 Pulitzer Prize-winning play, "Fences" thoughtfully examines the escalating racial tensions in America during the 1950s. The playwright deftly handles such complex social issues as racism and adultery without smug commentary. The subtle discussion of black America offers more insight than lecture, which heightens the dramatic impact upon the audience. Wilson recognizes that the family lies the foundation for American society as a whole, and shrewdly chooses family as the emphasis for "Fences." The play''s central focus is the Maxson''s, the instrument Wilson uses to introduce African-American culture to those who are unfamiliar. In the mid-1950s, America was still experiencing a post-World War II economic boon, and could at last allow foreign affairs to take a back seat to domestic issues. The social climate was becoming increasingly heated with the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, which ruled school segregation was unconstitutional. This landmark ruling ignited racial tensions across America, which had been slowly simmering for years. The protagonist of "Fences" is former baseball player-turned Pittsburgh garbage man Troy Maxson, and the antagonist is clearly racism. It is racism which has defied Troy Maxson at every turn and his skin color stood in the way of his quest to grab a piece of the American dream for himself and his family. Racism creates the conflict, which causes Troy to feel that he has been "fenced" in by a discriminatory society. It has heated tensions within the Maxson home between Troy and his wife, Rose, and Troy and his son Cory. August Wilson establishes an impression of the 53-year-old Troy Maxson early in Act I, writing that he is "a large man with thick, heavy hands; it is this largeness that he strives to fill out and make an accommodation with.

Different Marriage or Wedding Practices in Countries Essay

I. Africa: 1. In some African tribes, the bride and groom have their wrists tied together with cloth or braided grass to represent their marriage. 2. To honor their ancestors, some Africans pour Holy water, or alcohol, onto the ground as prayers are recited to the ancestral spirits. 3. The bride wears a veil made of plaited hair which represents reserve. 4. The people present wear traditional regional costumes. 5. The couple jumps above a brush covered with flowers, which symbolizes the starting of domestic life. 6. The Kola nut is most often used for medicinal purposes in Africa. It is also essential in most African weddings. The Kola nut symbolizes the couple’s willingness to always help heal each other. In Nigeria, the ceremony is not complete until a kola nut is shared between the couple and their parents. II. Arabia: 1. Traditionally, marriage was between paternal first cousins or other patrilineally related kin. 2. It was customary for potential spouses not to meet before the wedding night, and marriages had to be arranged by fathers, mothers, and other relatives. These practices are changing slowly and unevenly, but the tendency is toward fewer close-cousin marriages and for the couple to communicate with each other before the wedding. 3. The bride wears an elaborate veil and gets her hands and feet decorated with a drawing made with alhea (henna). 4. During the reception, men and women stay separated. 5. Men are allowed to have four wives at a time as long as they can treat them equally, but polygyny is uncommon in most of the population. Marriage is considered a necessary part of life, and almost all adults marry III. Caribe and Burmuda: 1. The bride and groom show off their finest clothes for the entire village. 2. There’s no need for a best man at an Island wedding. 3. A typical wedding feast features curried goat and spicy chicken jerky 4. The traditional wedding cake is a â€Å"Black Cake† with the recipe handed down from mother to daughter for many generations. The cake is traditionally served with a Hard Rum Sauce and all of the dried fruits are soaked in rum in a crock pot for anywhere from two weeks to one year. 5. Calypso music is played. 6. In the Bermudas people plant a tree for prosperity. IV. China: 1. Auspicious days are subject to interpretation by fortune tellers that perform the analysis based on one’s birth date (day and hour) after consultation with the Chinese almanac. It is said to be the oldest continuous publication known. 2. In the Chinese community it is considered bad form if an individual consults the almanac and performs a self analysis. That is why a fortune teller or Fung Suey [Feng Shui] expert is consulted. 3. The 15 day period from the middle to the end of the seventh lunar month is considered inauspicious because that is time of the Hungry Ghost Festival when the gates of Hell are opened and the lost spirits are allowed to wander the earth. They should not be invited to the wedding! 4. Decorations and gift wrappings are red as this color (and gold too) symbolizes happiness and wealth. 5. There are always rockets acting as protection against bad spirits. 6. The bride changes her dress three times during the wedding ceremony. V. England: 1. The familiar tradition of a flower girl throwing rose petals as she passes down the aisle before the bride is a reminder of days gone by when the bride walked to the church with her maids in waiting. Leading the procession was always a young girl throwing flower petals along the lane, so the bride’s path through life would be happy and laden with flowers. 2. The couple walks toward the church with their wedding procession over a path of orange blossoms. 3. Something Old – Something New – Something Borrowed – Something Blue†¦And a Silver Sixpence in Her Shoe! This good-luck saying that originated many years ago in the Victorian era. 4. Most of the brides wear a horseshoe on one of their arms decorated with lace as an amulet. 5. The fruit cake is covered with marzipan. The upper section (baptism tart) is kept until the first child is born. VI. France: 1. A traditional French custom for the groom to call on his future bride at her home on the morning of their wedding. 2. In a church filled with incense and flowers, the couple stands beneath a silk canopy. A predecessor of the veil, a square of silk fabric, â€Å"carre'† is held over the head of the bride and groom as the couple received the priest’s final blessing. They were designed to protect the couple from descending malice. The same veil is used for the baptism of their new born child. 3. The bridal portion is put in the â€Å"nuptial wardrobe,† hand engraved with symbols of health and prosperity. 4. The couple drinks from the traditional wedding cup. 5. All decorations are white, and laurel leaves are spread out of the church when the nuptial couple departs. 6. On the wedding night, pots and pans are drummed to disturb the couple. The groom invites jokers in and some refreshments are offered. VII. Germany: 1. During the engagement period both the bride and groom wear a ring on their left hand. After the wedding they wear the wedding ring on their right hand. Usually the rings are gold with no diamonds. 2. Germany brides wear either very short trains or usually none at all attached to their wedding dress. If veils are worn they are of fingertip length and typically never worn over the face 3. The groom usually wears a black suit or a smoking jacket (dinner jacket) 4. Some weeks before the wedding the groom and his male friends go to a Kneipe (pub) to drink and have fun for his last time as a single man. 5. Before a church wedding the bride and groom will have been married in the Standesamt (Registry Office) by a registrar which is most often in the Rathaus (town hall). A witness is needed for the bride and also for the groom. 6. At a party on the evening before the wedding plates and dishes are smashed to scare off evil spirits. Only china can be used. Anything else would bring bad luck. The bride and groom have to clean up everything. This is to indicate that they can work together. 7. Together, the bride and groom will enter the church and walk down the aisle. Because it is not legal to have only a church ceremony, the couple will have already been legally married by a Standesbeamte. 8. As the couple walks to the wedding car, fir boughs are laid along the path to pave their first newlywed steps with fresh greenery to symbolize hope, luck and fertility. 9. On the day of the wedding, the guests go to couple’s house. VIII. Greece: 1. Before the wedding, tradition in Greece is to have your â€Å"Bed† made before groom actually sleep in it with the new spouse. During this ceremony, the bed is â€Å"made† with hand-knit linens and then adorned with Koufetta – almond candies, rose petals and, of course, money from friends and family for good luck. 2. When attending a Greek wedding, guests might wear a small â€Å"Eye† to ward off evil and keep the Bride and Groom protected from bad luck. 3. Greek Brides often put a lump of sugar in their glove for a â€Å"sweet† marriage. 4. Nowadays, after the wedding ceremony, guests are offered bombonieres. These delightful gifts of sugar-coated almonds are wrapped in net and attached to a small memento of your wedding. 5. Another hallmark of modern weddings is the wild and deafening loud concerto of automobile horns before and after a wedding ceremony. 6. In the reception a dance with handkerchiefs (Kaslamantiano) is enjoyed by all while stuf fed grape leaves, lamb skewers, and wine are served. 7. During the ceremony the groom is asked to honor the bride and she slightly touches him to put emphasis. IX. Italy: 1. A traditional Italian proposal begins with a romantic serenade. 2. Brides to be and their families gathered a â€Å"dote† or dowry of household goods and clothing in hope or marriage chests. This was often augmented with money or property. 3. In southern Italy, wild bachelor parties are uncommon as are raucous gatherings for the ladies. 4. Italian bride wears a white gown and veil. The white dress symbolizes purity while the veil, sometimes torn for luck, prevents the groom from clearly seeing the face of his intended before the ceremony, and thereby bringing bad luck upon the couple. 5. Almonds covered with caramel symbolize the joys and sadness of marriage. Sometimes the couple is pelted with sugared almonds. 6. In the reception, everyone enjoys the traditional dance called the â€Å"Tarantella.† X. Japan: 1. Sake Ceremony – known as one of the oldest traditional Japanese wedding customs, san-san-kudo, or sharing of sake is still performed today. 2. In Japan, brides may wear a colorful silk kimono or a shiromuku, a formal gown passed down over the ages and still used today as traditional bridal dresses. Some Japanese brides choose to wear a modern wedding gown. 3. The bride wears an elaborate white silk dress, various adornments, and a special wig. 4. In the reception there’s a dedication and some speeches, and the honored guests tell stories about the couple. 5. Kiogashi (colored sweets with flower shape), indicate that this is also a party. 6. Red is the funny and lucky color. XI. Korea: 1. In Korea, the marriage between a man and woman represents the joining of two families, rather than the joining of two individuals. 2. Before a Korean bride may be married, she must take part in the traditional Introduction ceremony, where she is accepted into the groom’s family. In a private ceremony, the groom’s family welcomes the bride. 3. The groom’s father may throw red dates at his daughter-in-law to bring her luck in fertility. 4. On the eve of the wedding (hum), the groom, bride, and her friends gather at the bride’s house. The groom’s friends arrive later, shouting and carrying lanterns to light the way and the bride’s things/dowry. Before entering they demand to be paid. When the payment of food and song is agreed upon, they enter and join with the others to celebrate. 5. Traditionally, a chest of gifts for the bride’s family was brought by the groom’s family. 6. The bride wears a multicolored silk dress with white sleeves and a black silk crown and she is made up with red points on her cheeks to scare away bad spirits. XII. Scotland: 1. Usually about a week before the ceremony the mother of the bride will hold a â€Å"show of presents† for her daughter. This corresponds to the bridal shower in other cultures. A slightly more raunchy tradition is the groom’s stag party. 2. The modern Scottish bride will wear a traditional or contemporary white wedding gown, while the groom dresses in traditional Highland kilt, kilt jacket and sporran. 3. The couple is either bag piped down the isle or traditional Gaelic hymns are played as they walk to the altar. The Highland Wedding is played at virtually all Scottish weddings. 4. Once at the altar the couple may choose to recite their vows in ancient Gaelic or to recite them in modern English. Following the vows the groom often pins a strip of his clan’s tartan colors to the bride’s wedding dress to signify that she is now a member of his clan. 5. Following the ceremony the bride and groom and all their honored guests head to a private home or to a restaurant for a lavish reception feast. At the typical Scottish reception you can count on the bride and groom being â€Å"piped† to the table of honor, where the bride will cut the first slice of wedding cake using a dirk (a long-bladed knife) that is provided to her by the piper. As the bride slices the first piece of wedding cake, custom dictates that her hand is guided by the hand of her new husband. 6. The wedding reception is filled with music, signing, much drinking and toasting to the health and happiness of the new couple. The celebrations can go on into the wee hours of the morning. 7. One custom that hasn’t changed for more than 700 years is the custom of the groom carrying his new bride over the threshold of their new home together. XIII. The Netherlands: 1. Dutch people are free to choose their spouses. The common basis for marriage is most often love. This does not mean that people marry independently of the constraints of class, ethnicity, and religion. 2. The choice of a partner is often class-based. Monogamy is the only marriage form allowed. 3. Many Dutch couples live in a consensual arrangement. Same-sex couples can marry and have the same rights as heterosexual couples. 4. A civil wedding ceremony, usually conducted in the town hall, is required in Holland to give marriage legality; so many couples have both a religious and civil ceremony on the same day. 5. The wedding ceremony is usually followed by a series of celebrations consisting of a reception, a formal dinner and a party, and it is common practice for family and friends to be invited to either all or just part of the celebrations, depending on their closeness to the couple. XIV. Russia: 1. The betrothal is a ceremony performed with the rites of the Eastern Church, and takes place eight days before the marriage. 2. During the interval between betrothal and marriage the bride’s girl friends endeavor to amuse her and keep up her spirits (for she is supposed to be in a state of lamentation and grief) by singing to her, and their songs tell of the happiness of married life. 3. On the day before the wedding they conduct her to the bath, where much time is spent in dressing her hair, while she listens to their songs. 4. Both bride and bridegroom receive a solemn blessing from their parents before leaving their houses, and even the wedding garments are blessed by the priest. 5. After the dedication, cups are thrown to the floor. Their breaking means happiness. 6. The bride and groom usually tie a doll to the wedding car or carriage if they wish their first child to be a girl, and a teddy bear if they want a boy. XV. Hawaiian: 1. The bride wears a long, white formal version of the muumuu called a ‘holoku. 2. Instead of a veil, a woven garland of island flowers, ‘haku lei’ is worn around her head. 3. The bride’s bouquet may consist of white orchid sprays. 4. The groom wears a long sleeve white shirt and white pants. A long red or colored sash is worn wrapped about his waist. A lei of maile and ilima flowers adorn his neck. 5. Hawaiian wedding bands bearing the couple’s name in Hawaiian are often exchanged. The name ‘kuuipo’ meaning sweetheart, is favorite choice for the bride. XVI. Philippines: 1. During the reception couples practice the Filipino wedding custom of releasing a pair of doves to symbolize a loving and harmonious marriage. 2. During the reception the wedding cake is sliced. 3. Throwing rice confetti at the newlyweds will bring them prosperity all their life. 4. The groom must arrive before the bride at the church to avoid bad luck. 5. Dropping the wedding ring, the veil or the arrhae during the ceremony spells unhappiness for the couple. 6. Bride should not try on her wedding dress before the wedding, maybe it will push through. XVII. Native American: 1. From Apache to Cheyenne and Hopi to Sioux, Native American wedding customs are beautiful and vary according to tribe. One custom in particular requires the bride and groom to wash their hands to cleanse away evil and previous lovers. 2. Ceremonies can be held in chapels, historical landmarks, Indian monuments, or reservations. Pow Wow drums provide lively music for the wedding reception festivities. 3. The Blanket Ceremony – This ritual entails using two blue blankets to represent the couple’s past lives. The couple are wrapped in blue blankets and led to a sacred circle of fire. The officiating person or spiritual leader blesses the union and the couple shed the blue blankets and enveloped by relatives in a single white blanket which represents their new life. Under the white blanket, it’s customary that the couples embrace and kiss. The white blanket is usually kept and displayed in the couple’s home. 4. The Native American bride may wear a white dress or a beautiful long leather dress with beading and traditional colors woven into the fabric. The traditional colors of Native Americans include White for east, Blue for south, Yellow for west, and Black for north. 5. The wedding feast consists of ceremonial foods such as white and yellow corn prepared in a delicious corn mush. The white represents the groom and the yellow represents the bride. The two types of corn are mixed to represent the new union.